home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Visions of Saturn 2
/
Visions of Saturn 2.iso
/
view.doc
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-02-07
|
8KB
|
188 lines
VIEW introduction
VIEW is a GIF viewing program intended as a tool for studying GIF
formatted images taken by NASA's Voyager-1 and Voyager-2. The
program can manipulate the image color and contrast to help
highlight various features in the scenes.
VIEW can provide an overall view or zoom in on a smaller area to
bring out details. It also provides a function for expanding the
GIF formatted image into a form usable by those without any
knowledge of GIF formats.
VIEW uses an internal compression scheme to move quite large images
into internal memory, thus allowing the user to rapidly pan about
the image. This can make the initial decoding and display slow for
large images, compared to other GIF viewers, since the
recompression consumes time as the GIF is first read. But this has
the decided advantage of handling images that would otherwise not
fit in memory.
Once loaded into memory, images can be panned under a viewing
window controlled by the arrow and "Home" keys.
Hardware requirements
VIEW requires MCGA or VGA graphics as it uses the 320x200 by 256
color screen mode (mode 19) for display. The multitude of
different interfaces precluded the use of higher resolution modes
offered by the different makers of display adapters.
Memory, the more the merrier. VIEW's internal compression function
will compare the size of the GIF file and the amount of low memory
available and make a judgement as to how much compression is
needed. The smaller the ratio of GIF size to free memory, the less
compression needed and the faster the operation.
Using VIEW
To start VIEW, type VIEW at the DOS prompt.
When you start VIEW you will be asked:
Name of the file to be examined?
You may specify drives and paths along with the name of the GIF
file you want to view (see your DOS manual for details on
specifying drives and paths). If you view more than one GIF during
a session, you may use DOS-style input editing to "change" files;
Ex.: the arrow keys and F3 (see your DOS manual for details).
A blank entry causes the program to end.
If VIEW can find the file you've requested it will start the
display and manipulation routines. First the entire image will be
displayed in a subsampled mode. As the GIF is decoded and
displayed, it is also internally compressed and stored. Because of
this, if the first part of the image is dark, it may not appear
that anything is happening for awhile; be patient.
Once the image is displayed you will be offered options for
manipulating it. You select one of these options by pressing the
first letter of the option's name. These options are:
O)riginal color
F)alse color
N)egative color
I)nvert color
R)otate colors
B)ack rotate
L)ow stretch
M)id stretch
H)igh stretch
C)lose-up
P)ulled back
D)ata dump
Q)uit
plus the window panning controls: left, right, up, and down arrows
and "Home" key.
Image manipulation
O)riginal color - Selecting this option will always restore the
colors displayed to those specified in the GIF file.
F)alse color - Pixel values, starting at zero, are assigned colors
starting with pure black, progressing through bright blue, dark
green through bright green, dark red through bright red and finally
dark gray through white. This provides a higher contrast between
pixels that are nearly the same and helps to bring out details.
N)egative color - Alters the colors to appear like a photographic
negative. This works on whatever the current color scheme is. A
second use of this option is equivalent to not having used it.
I)nvert color - Exchanges the color values end-to-end, such that
the largest value pixel and the lowest value pixel have their
colors swapped, followed by the next largest and smallest, untill
all pairs have been swapped. A second use of this option is
equivalent to not having used it.
R)otate color - assigns a different color to each gray scale value
displayed each time this option is pressed.
B)ack rotate - as above, but reverses the direction of rotation.
L)ow stretch - This takes the range of colors used to display the
image and uses every other value to stretch the contrast on the
lower half of the possible pixel values, increasing the contrast of
that half of the range, while sacrificing the rest. Those values
outside this range are all set to display the same color as the
largest pixel value. More than one use will result in a narrower
range of distinct colors with each level having a higher contrast
for those pixels still in range.
M)id stretch - Like the "Low stretch" but stretching the range
starting with the second quarter and going through the third
quarter of the pixels. Those pixels less than the lowest in range
will be set to display the lowest value pixel color.
H)igh stretch - Like the other two stretch options, but stretches
the higher half of the pixel values.
C)lose-up - Causes the viewing window to fill the screen, with each
screen pixel being an image pixel. This mode displays the maximum
resolution the image contains.
P)ulled back - This gives a full panorama at the expense of
resolution. You may find it useful to position the viewing window
while in this mode.
D)ata dump - Creates a file containing the values of the image
pixels without any compression. The output order is left to
right, top to bottom. Possible values are zero through 255 or
whatever the greatest pixel value is. You are presented the
following sub-options:
F)ull image dump
Dumps every pixel into the file.
C)lose-up window dump
Dumps the value of those pixels in the 320x200 viewing
window.
A)bort dump
Sends you back to the viewer without creating the dump.
After the preceding sub-options, you have another choice:
A)SCII output
Create a file with each pixel being represented in four
bytes; Ex.: " 126 2 56 255 253".
B)inary output
Create a file with each pixel being represented by one
byte, each byte having the value of a pixel.
When asked for the file name, you may use DOS-style input-line
editing, based upon the name you used to select the GIF being
viewed.
Note: these files can be BIG. An 800x800 GIF image contains 640,000
pixels and to dump them all in ASCII mode would require 4x800x800
or 2,560,000 bytes (well over two megabytes).
Viewing window panning
The view window may be moved over the image in either "Close-up" or
"Pulled back" mode. The arrow keys move the window (not the image)
one screen pixel at a time. One exception; if maximum internal
compression is used, the image will move up and down four pixels at
a time. The "Home" key will move the view window directly to the
top-left position. In "Close-up" mode, the screen simply follows
the window. In "Pulled back" mode, a window block will move about
the image to indicate where the view window is. When the box is
all the way to the top-left, the viewing window box is not shown.
Changing back and forth between "Close-up" and "Pulled Back" does
not alter the window position other than that necessary for pixel
alignment.
Pressing the "ESC" key ends manipulation of the current GIF and
takes you back to select another.